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IP Subnet Calculator

IPv4
IPv6
Network
Broadcast
Usable Range
Subnet Mask
Total Hosts
Usable Hosts

IP Subnet Calculator

A subnet is a logical division of an IP network. Subnetting improves network efficiency, security, and traffic management by splitting large networks into smaller, more manageable subnetworks.

This calculator supports IPv4 and IPv6 subnet calculations including network address, broadcast address, usable IP range, and host count.

What Is a Subnet?

A subnet is a portion of a larger IP network. Routers act as boundaries between subnets, allowing traffic to be controlled and routed efficiently.

Why Subnetting Is Used

Subnetting reduces congestion, improves security, and allows better utilization of IP addresses within enterprise and ISP networks.

IP Address Structure

An IP address consists of two main parts: the network prefix and the host identifier. Devices within the same subnet share the same network prefix.

Classless Inter-Domain Routing (CIDR)

CIDR notation represents IP ranges using a suffix such as /24. The number indicates how many bits are used for the network portion of the address.

Example:
192.168.1.10/24
Subnet Mask: 255.255.255.0
Usable Hosts: 254

IPv4 Subnetting

IPv4 uses 32-bit addresses and subnet masks written in dot-decimal format. Subnet masks define the network and host portions.

IPv6 Subnetting

IPv6 uses 128-bit addresses and relies solely on prefix length notation. It eliminates broadcast addresses and supports vastly more devices.

Frequently Asked Questions

What is a subnet mask?

A subnet mask separates the network portion and host portion of an IPv4 address.

Why are two IPs unusable?

The first address is reserved as the network address and the last is reserved as the broadcast address.

What does /24 mean?

It means 24 bits are used for the network, leaving 8 bits for host addresses.

Is subnetting required for IPv6?

Yes, but IPv6 subnetting is simpler and does not use broadcast addresses.

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